Pulmonary tuberculosis; age related radiological findings

To study the age related radiological finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. Across sectional study. From January 2009 to December 2009 pulmonary department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawal Pur. The cases diagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis of either gender above age of 12 years were included in the study. Patients suffering from extra pulmonary tuberculosis, treatment failure, relapse, drug resistant tuberculosis and HIV sero-positive patients were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into groups according to the age. Group 1 consist of patients having age >/= 50years while group 2 consist of patients having <50 years. Data was recorded on the Proforma and was analyzed statistically on SPSS 11. this study consists of 106 patients and divided into two groups. It has been found that apical zone of lung involvement was more common in patients younger than 50 years while involvement of lower zone was more common in patients with age >/= 50years. No significant difference was found regarding the involvement of middle zone, multiple zones and the type of lesions as the p-value was >0.05. The elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have predominant involvement of lower zones. So, lower zone involvement of radiological lesions should be evaluated for pulmonary tuberculosis to start the treatment earlier and to minimize the risk of missing the diagnosis

Complications in cases of enteric perforation

Enteric perforation is a disastrous complication of untreated or poorly treated typhoid fever and unless treated by surgical method, it results in considerable morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study to describe complications of ileostomy in patients of enteric perforation. The study was conducted was in surgical units B-V hospital, Bahawalpur from 1[st] July 2008 to 30[th] June 2009. This was a descriptive case series study. 100 patients of both genders suffering from typhoid fever with perforation who underwent ileostomy were included the study. All the data was collected on pre-designed proforma. Most of the patients were young with male to female ratio 1.6:1. Ileostomy was done in all the patients after cleaning the peritoneal cavity. Ileostomy was associated with diarrhea 20%, peristomal skin problems 22%. Other complications were bleeding in 3%,prolapsed in 5%, retraction in 4%, parastomal hernia in 5%, wound infection in 8%, intestinal obstruction in 5% patients, incisional hernia and psychological symptoms in 2% patients and stoma stenosis in one patient in our study. Two patients expired due the complication of ileostomy. Although ileostomy is not the most favored way of treatment of enteric perforation and it is associated with a number of complications and management problems, it is still a good option and life saving procedure in our setup where patients present very late with gross peritoneal contamination